This page contains detailed information, files and links to our current research projects, our latest research, core materials, and our full published research database.
New Research
Core Materials
Our Research Database

Social beliefs and women’s role in sanitation decision making in Bihar, India: An exploratory mixed method study
Ashraf S, Kuang J, Das U, Shpenev A, Thulin E, Bicchieri C (2022) Social beliefs and women’s role in sanitation decision making in Bihar, India: An exploratory mixed method study. PLoS ONE 17(1): e0262643. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262643

Sacrifice: An experiment on the political economy of extreme intergroup punishment
Eckel, C. C., Fatas, E., & Kass, M. J. (2022). Sacrifice: An experiment on the political economy of extreme intergroup punishment. Journal of Economic Psychology, 102486.

Examining norms and social expectations surrounding exclusive breastfeeding: Evidence from Mali
Bicchieri, C., Das, U., Gant, S., & Sander, R. (2022). Examining norms and social expectations surrounding exclusive breastfeeding: Evidence from Mali. World Development, 153, 105824. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105824

A theory of social programs, legitimacy, and citizen cooperation with the state
Aldama, A. (2021). A theory of social programs, legitimacy, and citizen cooperation with the state. Journal of Peace Research, 00223433211042792.

On the determinants of giving under risk
Freundt, J., & Lange, A. (2017). On the determinants of giving under risk. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 142, 24-31.

On the voluntary provision of public goods under risk
Freundt, J., & Lange, A. (2021). On the voluntary provision of public goods under risk. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 101727.

The Behavioral Consequences of Conflict Exposure on Risk Preferences
Fatas, E., Jiménez, N., Restrepo-Plaza, L., & Rincón, G. (2021). The Behavioral Consequences of Conflict Exposure on Risk Preferences. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance.

A self-funding reward mechanism for tax compliance
Fatas, E., Nosenzo, D., Sefton, M., & Zizzo, D. J. (2021). A self-funding reward mechanism for tax compliance. Journal of Economic Psychology, 86, 102421.

Understanding cross-cultural differences in peer reporting practices: evidence from tax evasion games in Moldova and France
Romaniuc, R., Dubois, D., Dimant, E. et al. Understanding cross-cultural differences in peer reporting practices: evidence from tax evasion games in Moldova and France. Public Choice (2021). https://doi-org.proxy.library.upenn.edu/10.1007/s11127-021-00925-7

Pass-mark bribery in Nigerian schools

UNICEF-Mali: Normes sociales liées à Le mariage d’enfants

UNICEF Pakistan: WASH Sustainability Check

The Role of Trendsetters in the Popularization and Adoption of the Swachh Bharat Mission

Social Norms Manual: Zimbabwe and Swaziland

Social Determinants of Open Defecation: Phase 1 Materials

Social Determinants of Open Defecation: Phase 2 Materials

Nadar en Contra de la Corriente

Shifting Social Norms to Mitigate Climate Change in the Anthropocene: A Review and Practical Guide

In Science we (should) trust: expectations and compliance during the Covid-19 pandemic

Collective Action on Corruption in Nigeria: A Social Norms Approach to Connecting Society and Institutions
Hoffmann, L. K., & Patel, R. N. (2021, March 25). Collective action on corruption in Nigeria. Retrieved from https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/03/collective-action-corruption-nigeria

Sustaining Safe Sanitation and Hygiene Practices through Enhanced Behavior Change Communication Models
Women are more likely to expect social sanctions for open defecation: Evidence from Tamil Nadu India
Kuang J, Ashraf S, Shpenev A, Delea MG, Das U, Bicchieri C (2020) Women are more likely to expect social sanctions for open defecation: Evidence from Tamil Nadu India. PLoS ONE 15(10): e0240477.
Why do so Few People Share Fake News? It Hurts Their Reputation
Altay, S., Hacquin, A., & Mercier, H. (2019, October 1). Why do so Few People Share Fake News? It Hurts Their Reputation.
When a Nudge Backfires: Combining (Im)Plausible Deniability with Social and Economic Incentives to Promote Pro-Social Behavioral Change (with G. Bolton & U. Schmidt), under review.
Bolton, Gary and Dimant, Eugen and Schmidt, Ulrich, When a Nudge Backfires: Combining (Im)Plausible Deniability with Social and Economic Incentives to Promote Pro-Social Behavioral Change (March 26, 2020).
Using Social Norms to Change Behavior and Increase Sustainability in the Real World: a Systematic Review of the Literature. Sustainability
Yamin, P.; Fei, M.; Lahlou, S.; Levy, S. (2019). Using Social Norms to Change Behavior and Increase Sustainability in the Real World: a Systematic Review of the Literature. Sustainability, 11, 5847.
Under influence
Frédérique de Vignemont, Hugo Mercier. Under influence. Hilary Kornblith and Brian McLaughlin. Alvin Goldman and his Critics, Blackwell, pp.00-00, 2013.
Trustworthiness is a social norm, but trusting is not.
Bicchieri, C., Xiao, E., & Muldoon, R. (2011). Philosophy, Politics and Economics, 10(2), 170-187. doi:10.1177/1470594X10387260
The challenge of innovation pilots
Guillot, J., Christiansen, J., and Parra, J. (2019, March 6). The challenge of innovation pilots.

Social Norms Manual: Viet Nam, Indonesia and the Philippines
Social Norms
Bicchieri, C. & Muldoon, R., (2011) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Slipping on slippery slope arguments
Fumagalli, R. (2020). Slipping on slippery slope arguments. Bioethics, 34(4), 412-419.
Shrieking sirens: Schemata, scripts, and social norms: How change occurs
Bicchieri, C., & McNally, P. (2018). Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(1), 23-53.
Sanitation practices during early phases of COVID-19 lockdown in peri-urban communities in Tamil Nadu, India
Ashraf, S., Bicchieri, C., Das, U & Kuang, J. (2020, September 29). Sanitation practices during early phases of COVID-19 lockdown in peri-urban communities in Tamil Nadu, India.
Requiem for a Nudge: Framing Effects in Nudging Honesty
Dimant, E., van Kleef, G. A., & Shalvi, S. (2020). Requiem for a nudge: Framing effects in nudging honesty. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 172, 247-266.
Perceptions of Autonomy, Inequality, and Fairness
Aldama, A., Bicchieri, C., Freundt, J., Mellers, B., & Peters, E. (2020). Perceptions of Autonomy, Inequality, and Fairness. Inequality, and Fairness (March 19, 2020).
One person’s trash is another person’s treasure: In search of an efficient property regime for waste in the Global South
Danese, G. (2021). One person’s trash is another person’s treasure: In search of an efficient property regime for waste in the Global South. Waste Management., 128, 251–260.
On the emergence of descriptive norms
Muldoon, R., Lisciandra, C., Bicchieri, C., Hartmann, S., & Sprenger, J. (2014). Politics, Philosophy & Economics,13(1), 3-22. doi:10.1177/1470594X12447791
Observability, Social Proximity, and the Erosion of Norm Compliance (with C. Bicchieri, S. Gächter & D. Nosenzo), under review.
Bicchieri, Cristina and Dimant, Eugen and Gachter, Simon and Nosenzo, Daniele, Observability, Social Proximity, and the Erosion of Norm Compliance (March 23, 2020).
Nudging with Care: The Risks and Benefits of Social Information
Bicchieri, C., & Dimant, E. (2019). Public Choice, forthcoming.
Norms, preferences and conditional behavior
Bicchieri, C. (2010). Politics, Philosophy and Economics, 9(3), 297-313. doi: 10.1177/1470594X10369276
Norms, conventions, and the power of expectation
Bicchieri, C. (2015). In N. Cartwright & E. Montuschi (Eds.), Philosophy of social science: A new introduction (pp. 208-232). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Norms in the Wild
Norms and Social Network–Centric Behavior Change Intervention (Nam Nalavazhvu) for Improved Toilet Usage in Peri-Urban Communities of Tamil Nadu: Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Ashraf, S., Bicchieri, C., Delea, M. G., Das, U., Chauhan, K., Kuang, J., … & Thulin, E. (2021). Norms and Social Network–Centric Behavior Change Intervention (Nam Nalavazhvu) for Improved Toilet Usage in Peri-Urban Communities of Tamil Nadu: Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR research protocols, 10(5), e24407.
Norms and beliefs: How change occurs
Bicchieri, C. & Mercier H. (2014). In M. Xenitidou & B. Edmonds (Eds.) The complexity of social norms (pp. 37-54). New York, NY: Springer International Publishing.
Norm manipulation, norm evasion: experimental evidence
Bicchieri, C., & Chavez, A. K. (2013). Economics and Philosophy, 29(02), 175-198.
Norm Change: Trendsetters and Social Structure
Bicchieri, C & Funcke, A. (2018). Social Research: An International Quarterly, 85(1), 1-21.
Local determinants of driving behaviours: Installation Theory interventions to reduce fuel consumption among truck drivers in Colombia
Yamin, P., Lahlou, S., Ortega, S., & Skrickij, V. (2021). Local determinants of driving behaviours: Installation Theory interventions to reduce fuel consumption among truck drivers in Colombia. Transport, 35(6), 616-634.
Justification and conformity
Erte Xiao (2017) “Justification and Conformity”. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organisation, 136, 15-28.
It’s Not A Lie If You Believe It: Lying and Belief Distortion Under Norm-Uncertainty
Bicchieri, C., Dimant, E., & Sonderegger, S. (forthcoming).
Isolating the effect of injunctive norms on conservation behavior: New evidence from a field experiment in California
Bhanot, S. P. (2018). Isolating the effect of injunctive norms on conservation behavior: New evidence from a field experiment in California. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.
Is participation contagious? Evidence from a household vector control campaign in urban Peru.
Bicchieri, C. & Buttenheim, A. (2013). Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 68, 103-109.
Human Punishment Behavior
Erte Xiao (2019) “Human Punishment Behavior”. Oxford Research Encyclopedia, Economics and Finance. Oxford University Press USA.
How Trendsetters Shaped India’s Massive Sanitation Campaign
Bicchieri, C., McNally, P., Ghai, S., & Patel, R. (2019, September 20). How Trendsetters Shaped India’s Massive Sanitation Campaign.

Grammar of Society
Good for You or Good for Us?: A Field Experiment on Motivating Citizen Behavior Change.
Bhanot, S.P. Good for You or Good for Us?: A Field Experiment on Motivating Citizen Behavior Change. Journal of Behavioral Public Administration. (Forthcoming).
Game-Theoretic Accounts of Social Norms: The Role of Normative Expectations
Bicchieri, C., & Sontuoso, A. (2017). In R. Croson, M. Capra, M. I. Rigdon, & T. Rosenblat (Eds)., Handbook of Experimental Game Theory. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Framing messages for vaccination supporters
Altay, S., & Mercier, H. (2020). Framing messages for vaccination supporters. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 26(4), 567–578.
Ethical challenges of using video for qualitative research and ethnography
Everri, M., Heitmayer, M., Yamin, P., Lahlou, S. (2020). Ethical challenges of using video for qualitative research and ethnography. In: Lähdesmäki, Tuuli, Koskinen-Koivisto, Eerika, Čeginskas, Viktorija L.A. and Koistinen, Aino-Kaisa, (eds.) Challenges and Solutions in Ethnographic Research: Ethnography with a Twist. Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon, pp. 68-83. ISBN 9780367376888.
Do the right thing: but only if others do so.
Bicchieri, C. & Xiao, E. (2009). Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 22(2), 191-208.
Do descriptive norms messaging interventions backfire? Protocol for a systematic review of the boomerang effect
Kuang, Jinyi & Delea, Maryann & Thulin, Erik & Bicchieri, Cristina. (2020). Do descriptive norms messaging interventions backfire? Protocol for a systematic review of the boomerang effect. 10.21203/rs.3.rs-18161/v1.
Deviant or Wrong? The Effects of Norm Information on the Efficacy of Punishment
Bicchieri, C., Dimant, E., & Xiao, E. (2021). Deviant or wrong? The effects of norm information on the efficacy of punishment. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 188, 209-235.
COVID-19 in India: Immense Role for HealthCare Field Workers
Ashraf, S. (2020, April 1).
COVID-19 and Toilet-use in India: Why Continued Attention is Needed?
Ashraf, S. (2020, April 27).
Contagion of Pro- and Anti-Social Behavior Among Peers and the Role of Social Proximity
Dimant, E. (2019). Contagion of pro-and anti-social behavior among peers and the role of social proximity. Journal of Economic Psychology, 73, 66-88.
Can trust facilitate bribery? Experimental evidence from China, Italy, Japan and the Netherlands
Bicchieri, C., Willem, J.W., & Jiang, T. (2015). Social Cognition, 5, 484-504.
Bias in the perceived prevalence of open defecation: Evidence from Bihar, India
Kuang J, Thulin E, Ashraf S, Shpenev A, Das U, Delea MG, et al. (2020) Bias in the perceived prevalence of open defecation: Evidence from Bihar, India. PLoS ONE 15(9): e0238627.
Behavioural Insights in Consultation Design: A Dialogical Architecture
Cafaggi, F., & Sillari, G. (2018). Behavioural Insights in Consultation Design: A Dialogical Architecture. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 9(4), 603-631.
Behaving as expected: Public information and fairness norms.
Bicchieri, C. & Chavez, A. (2010).Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 23(2), 161-178.
Bad luck or bad intentions: When do third parties reveal offenders’ intentions to victims?
Hart, E., Mellers, B. A., & Bicchieri, C. (2019). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.
Awareness, risk perception, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in communities of Tamil Nadu, India.
Kuang J, Ashraf S, Das U, Bicchieri C. Awareness, Risk Perception, and Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Communities of Tamil Nadu, India. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(19):7177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197177

Applying Social Norms Theory in CATS Programming
An Embarrassment of Riches: Modeling Social Preferences in Ultimatum Games
Bicchieri, C., & Zhang, J. (2012). In U. Maki (Ed.), Handbook of the Philosophy of Science: Philosophy of Economics. Elsevier.
A Theory of Social Programs, Legitimacy and Citizen Cooperation with the State
Navarrete, A. S. A. (2019). A Theory of Social Programs, Legitimacy and Citizen Cooperation with the State.
A structured approach to a diagnostic of collective practices.
Bicchieri, C., Lindemans, J.W., & Jiang, T. (2014). Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1418.
A social norms perspective on child marriage
Bicchieri, C., Lindemans, J.W., & Jiang, T. (2014). UNICEF.
(F)utility Exposed
Fumagalli, R. (2019). (F) utility Exposed. Philosophy of Science, 86(5), 955-966.